5th Grade Science These questions are copyright 1997 Karen Crowther and are not endorsed nor sponsored by the Core Curriculum Foundation nor E.D. Hirsch. They are brought to you as a public service by Redwood Games (http://www.maui.net/~redwood/hs.html) You may use them for personal use provided you do not remove this notice and provided you do not distribute them. SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #1 ===================== ___Read p 331-335 Name the Five Life Kingdoms ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Who discovered cells? ______________________________________________________________ Draw a cell and label the parts: Then tell what each part does. What do plant cells have that animal cells don't. What does it do? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ What is the basic difference between a plant and an animal in terms of what the cells can do? ______________________________________________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #2 ===================== Read p 331-335 Name the Five Life Kingdoms ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Who discovered cells? ______________________________________________________________ Draw a cell and label the parts: Then tell what each part does. What do plant cells have that animal cells don't. What does it do? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ What is the basic difference between a plant and an animal in terms of what the cells can do? ______________________________________________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #3 ===================== ____Read p 338-340 The molecule that makes organisms green is called _______________________________ Chlor is Greek for _____________________ Phyllo is Greek for _____________________ The process of turning sunlight into food is called ____________________________ The Greek word for light is ______________________ The Greek word for putting together (making something out of other things) is ____________________________ What three things are used by plants to make food? 1. ___________________ 2.___________________ 3.____________________ What are the end products of photosynthesis? 1. ___________________ 2.___________________ Water comes in the roots of a plant and is transported upward in tubes called _____________. After photosynthesis, tubes called ___________________ transport sugars down from the leaves for storage in the stem and roots. Air supplies _______________________ to cells with chlorophyll which use the sun's energy to convert it to _________________. Some plants turn the sugars to ______________________. SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #4 ===================== ____Read p 340-346 Organisms reproduce in one of two ways: ____________ or ________________________ Monerans and many protists reproduce by _______________________ which means that they: _______________________________________________________________________ Mildews, molds and mushrooms reproduce by __________________________________ which are ___________________________________________________________. Most yeasts reproduce by _______________________ during which _______________ _____________________________________________________________________ Some plants and animals can reproduce asexually by ___________________________. Give examples and tell how they work: 1. ___________________________________________________________________ 2.____________________________________________________________________ In sexual reproduction a special cell from both a male and female is needed. These cells are called ___________________ which join together to make a ________________________ Why is a moss spore different from a fungus spore? ________________________________________________________________________ Describe the life cycle of moss: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What does conifer mean? _________________________________________________ Name a conifer __________________ Describe the life cycle of a conifer: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What does gymnosperm mean? ____________________________________ What does angiosperm mean?_______________________________________ What do all angiosperms have in common? ___________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #5 ===================== __Read p 346-348 Draw and label a flower diagram: Tell what each part of the flower is and what it does (if anything) 1. Sepals _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 1. Petals _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 1. Stamens _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 1. Anther _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 1. Pollen _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 1. Pistil _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 1. Ovary _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ What is pollination? _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ After fertilization the ovary grows into a covering which does two things: 1.________________________________________________________________ 2._________________________________________________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #6 ===================== ___read p 348-351 Draw a picture of a seed showing the seed coat, embryo, an endosperm What is the purpose of the seed coat?_______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ What is the purpose of the embryo?__________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ What is the purpose of the endosperm?_______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ The sprouting of a new plant is called _____________________________________. In animals, male gametes are called ___________________ and produced by the _______________________. In animals, female gametes or ________________ are produced in the __________________ If eggs and sperm join outside the body it is called _________________ fertilization. Give an example: ____________________________________________________________________________ If eggs and sperm join inside the body it is called ______________ fertilization. Give an example: ____________________________________________________________________________ Our species is called ___________________________ In general, can one species mate with another and produce young? _____________ Once the egg is fertilized, it is called a _______________ After it grows for a while it is called _______________________ In most mammals, the embryo develops in the organ called the _______________________ In later stages of development, the embryo is called a _____________________. SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #7 ===================== __ read p351-354 List some animals which do not take care of their young: 1.____________________ 2.____________________ T F Most animals do not take are of their young The development of an organism from birth though reproduction to death is called its _________________________ The age at which humans become capable of reproducing is called ___________________. In humans, rapid growth and body change from age 8 to 17 is called _________________________ List some symptoms of this: 1._______________________ 2._______________________ 3._______________________ 4._______________________ 5._______________________ 6._______________________ 7._______________________ List the things that happen to an egg in a girl's body 1._______________________ 2._______________________ 3._______________________ 4._______________________ 5._______________________ 6._______________________ Tell how sperm are made and how they get together with an egg: __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Describe what happens after a human egg is fertilized __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #8 ===================== __read bottom of p 357-362 Which three everyday words have special meanings in science? 1.____________________ 2._____________________ 3._____________________ Define matter: ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ What is the total absence of matter called ?_________________________ Why isn't weight a reliable way to compare how much matter there is? __________________________________________________________ What, besides matter, determines weight? _________________ A pound of force is not the same thing as a pound of mass. In fact, engineers who are showing a force write it as "lbf" to differentiate it from pounds of mass. Mass is actually measured in slugs in the English system. (Yes! a slug...but not the kind in your garden). The confusion between pounds used as a measure of mass and used as a force (like weight) is one that everyone has trouble with because the same word is used for two totally different things. If you take a scale to the moon and weigh yourself, you'll only weigh 1/6th of what the scale says you weigh on earth. Did your mass change? No! Your mass stayed constant. Sir Isaac Newton made a famous observation that F=MA. That means that force is equal to an object's mass times the acceleration. Gravity is one type of acceleration. So your weight (a force) is your mass times gravity. When gravity is less (like on the moon) your weight is less. That's because your mass stays the same but the moon's gravity (acceleration) is less. When they talk about a newton of force, they are talking about a different measurement of force just like a meter is different from a foot. For now, just memorize that force is in the units: force = mass times acceleration and acceleration is length divided by time divided again by time. so: Force = mass * length / time/time or Force = mass * length /(time * time) This will have more meaning when you understand the relationship between speed (length/time) and acceleration (length/time)/time. Acceleration is how fast your speed is changing. So if you are driving along at a constant 30 miles per hour, you have an acceleration of 0. That's because your speed is not changing. But if you go from 10 to 60 miles per hour in one minute you have an acceleration of 50mph per minute. (50mph is the change in your speed from 10mph to 60mph: 60-10) What is 50 mph per minute? 50 length/time/time! miles hr min (Of course you'll want to change the minute to 1/60th of an hour but we won't worry about using the same units for now.) The amount of matter something has is its _______________. What are the 3 basic units of science? 1.________________________ 2.________________________ 3.________________________ When you hear "per" as in miles per hour what arithmetic operation should you think of? _____________ Each of the following units is derived from a combination of the above basic units. Tell what the formula is for each: Speed_________________________ Force ________________________ Pressure _____________________ If it takes you 5 hours to go 100 miles, what speed are you traveling (on the average)? _________________________ A train takes 2 hours to speed up from standing still to going 60 mph. What is its acceleration? _________________ If you put a 10 pound(force) rock on a table, with how much force is the table pushing up on the rock? _________________ If the rock's bottom surface area is 50 square inches, what is the pressure the rock is exerting on the table? ____________ Using the same numbers, what is the pressure of the table on the rock? ____________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #9 ===================== ___read p 362-365 What two things are important in measuring work? _______________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Write the equation for work: work = ___________________________________ What unit is work measure in? _______________________ What are 3 other units of work? 1.__________________________ 2.__________________________ 3.__________________________ If I push a shopping cart with 10 pounds of force over a distance of 20 feet, how much work did I do?________________________________ Energy that involves things moving (work) is called _____________ energy. Energy that something has before it moves is called _____________ energy. Energy is measure in the following units: 1.__________________________ 2.__________________________ 3.__________________________ 4.__________________________ I am holding a 5 pound rock 10 feet off the ground. What kind of energy does the rock have? ____________________________ Calculate the amount of energy the rock has in the above question: ____________ Power is the measure of how much work something is doing in a given amount of time. If you did 100 ft-lbs of work in 20 seconds, what was the average power that you used?______________________________ What are some units of power? 1.________________________ 2.________________________ 3.________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #10 ====================== ___Read p 366-368 What are the 3 phases or ___________ of matter? 1.________________________ 2.________________________ 3.________________________ What is one way to cause matter to change phase? __________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ What is the melting point of water and what does that mean? _______________ ___________________________________________________________________________ What does heat do to molecules? ___________________________________________ Does it take energy to turn ice into water when it is already at 0 degrees C? _______________________________________________ What is the boiling point of water? ________________________________ If liquid water is already at the boiling point, do you have to add heat to make it change into water vapor? ________________ If something gets bigger it ________________________ If it gets smaller it ___________________________ Usually things __________________ when they cool and _____________ when they get hotter. What substance expands when it freezes? ________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #11 ====================== ___Read p 368-372 Heat is a form of ___________________________ What happens to the temperature of a swimming pool when you pour a cup of boiling water into it? _________________________________________________________________________ why? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ What is another energy measurement besides the joule or foot-pound that is often used to measure the amount of heat in something?______________ Define this unit: ______________________________________________________ Is a scientist's calorie the same calorie that weight watchers use? ____ What is Conduction? ____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ What is Convection? ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What is Radiation? _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #12 ====================== ____Read p 372-379 What is an electric circuit? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What is the flow of electrons called? __________________________ Draw a picture of an electric circuit which uses a battery to power a lightbulb: Name a good conductor of electricity ________________________ What is a material called that is a poor conductor? ____________________ Name some poor conductors of electricity: ____________ and ______________ There are different kinds of lightbulbs. We are going to talk about incandescent lightbulbs in this assignment. Incandescent lightbulbs are the "regular" bulbs (not halogen, not fluorescent). What is a filament? _______________________________ How hot does the filament get? _______________________- Why does the filament glow? ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What is a short circuit? _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What is voltage? _____________________________________________________ What does DC stand for? ______________________________________ What does AC stand for? ______________________________________ What is the difference between AC and DC? ______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What is a common source of DC power? _______________________ What is a common source of AC power? _________________________ What is the usual voltage in a US house? ______________________ (Note that big electricity-guzzling appliances like dryers and air conditioners are often double that voltage) What is resistance? ________________________________________________ How do we measure the amount of electric current there is? _______________ What do we measure resistance in? ________________ Write Ohm's law: _____________________________________________________ Look at the circuit you drew. If the current is 1/4 an amp and the resistance of the bulb and wires is 36 ohms, what voltage does the battery have to be supplying? ___________________ What is electric power most often measured in? ________________ What is the formula for electric power? __________________________________ In the above example, how much electric power is flowing through the circuit?_______________________________ Who invented the telegraph? ___________________________ Explain how a telegraph works: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Draw a picture of a phone system and explain how a telephone works: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ In what year was it finally possible to phone someone in New York from San Francisco? ________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #13 ====================== ____Read p 379-382 Who invented an efficient steam engine? ___________________ When? ________ What does combustion mean? _______________________________ Explain briefly how a steam engine works: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What were steam engines used for? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What is the difference between an internal combustion engine and a steam engine? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Explain briefly how an internal combustion engine works: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What is the function of a crankshaft? _________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ How does a jet engine work? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ How does a rocket work? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ We saw that electrical generators work because some outside force (falling water through a dam, steam etc.) is turning wires through a magnetic field. It is a property of the physical world that if you move a wire through a magnetic field, current will flow in the wire. The opposite is true to: If you move current through a wire, it creates a magnetic field around the wire. This is how electric motors work. Wires are wound round and round so that the magnetic fields which they create when current runs through them all add up (face the same way) This magnetic field can pull or push a crankshaft to make it rotate. Then that power can be used to drive an electric car's wheels or a drill. When we make electricity flow through wires and create a magnet, that is an electromagnet. So an electric motor is just a generator running backwards! What is an Electromagnet? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What is the difference between a generator and an electric motor? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #14 ====================== p 383-384 (top) Tell what you learned about Isaac Newton: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #15 ====================== ___Read p 384-385 Tell about Anton van Leeuwenhoek: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT #16 ====================== _____Read p 385-386 Tell about Ernest Just: ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________